[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.2″ background_image=”https://bpm.medaval.ie/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/iStock_67894149_HD_1080.jpg” parallax=”on” parallax_method=”off” background_video_mp4=”http://medaval.ie/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/BPM.mp4″ background_video_webm=”http://medaval.ie/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/BPM.webm” custom_padding_tablet=”50px|0|50px|0″][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=”Monitor della pressione sanguigna” text_orientation=”center” header_fullscreen=”on” title_font_color=”#ffffff” admin_label=”Fullwidth Header – BPM Landing Video Intro” _builder_version=”3.16″ title_font=”||||” title_text_color=”#ffffff” title_font_size=”55″ background_color=”rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)” background_layout=”light” custom_css_title=”padding-top: 200px;||color:#fff !important; text-shadow: 3px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,1); font-weight:200;” button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off”][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”New BPM Intro Block Section” _builder_version=”3.2″ custom_padding_tablet=”50px|0|50px|0″ top_divider_style=”arrow2″ top_divider_color=”#133d8b” custom_css_main_element=”min-height:800px;”][et_pb_row padding_mobile=”off” custom_margin=”-130px|||” column_padding_mobile=”on” _builder_version=”3.2″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ column_padding_mobile=”on” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text admin_label=”BPM Landing Header – Text” _builder_version=”3.2″ text_font=”Open Sans||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”25″ text_font_size_tablet=”18″ text_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height=”1.3em” header_font=”Ubuntu||||” header_font_size=”25px” header_font_size_tablet=”18px” header_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” text_orientation=”center” max_width=”900px” module_alignment=”center” custom_css_main_element=”padding-top:200px;”]L’ipertensione uccide quasi 10 milioni di persone ogni anno in tutto il mondo ed è la principale causa di disabilità in tutto il mondo. Nella maggior parte delle persone con ipertensione, la pressione arteriosa è controllata in modo inadeguato e se la pressione arteriosa viene controllata e abbassata, molti milioni di morti, ictus, infarti e altri eventi cardiovascolari potrebbero essere prevenuti. La maggior parte delle persone adulte non sa di avere la pressione alta e per questo motivo è stata definita “Silent Killer”.

Tuttavia, tutte le ipotesi relative alla diagnosi e alla gestione dell’ipertensione arteriosa (ipertensione) e il suo trattamento dipendono da dispositivi di pressione sanguigna che sono in realtà precisi.

Pertanto, abbiamo concluso che oltre l’80% di tutti i misuratori di pressione sanguigna venduti oggi sul mercato non hanno dimostrato di essere accurati.
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Precisione dei monitor della pressione sanguigna

introduzione

Tutte le ipotesi relative alla diagnosi e alla gestione dell’ipertensione dipendono dalla misurazione accurata della pressione sanguigna.

Storia della misurazione della pressione arteriosa

La storia della misurazione della pressione sanguigna rende affascinante la lettura. Per una cronologia generale degli inizi e dell’evoluzione della misurazione della pressione sanguigna nel corso dei secoli, vedere i riferimenti da 1 a 5.

Sviluppo della validazione del dispositivo di pressione sanguigna

Tutte le decisioni relative alla diagnosi e al trattamento dell’ipertensione arteriosa dipendono da una misurazione accurata. I primi tentativi di convalidare autonomamente dispositivi per la misurazione della pressione sanguigna furono nel 1982 [6] e nel 1989 fu proposto di produrre un protocollo standardizzato per la convalida indipendente dei dispositivi di misurazione della pressione sanguigna. [7] Alla fine degli anni ’80, l’American National Standards Institute (ANSI) e l’Associazione per l’avanzamento della strumentazione medica (AAMI) e il Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN) pubblicarono standard per i misuratori della pressione sanguigna e ci furono diverse revisioni da allora (vedere i protocolli di convalida per i monitor della pressione sanguigna di seguito). Nel 1990 il British Hypertension Society Protocol fu pubblicato [8] e rivisto nel 1993. [9] Questo protocollo fu sostituito dal Protocollo Internazionale della European Society of Hypertension, nel 2002, [10] e il Protocollo Internazionale rivisto pubblicato nel 2010 è il protocollo più utilizzato al mondo per la valutazione dei dispositivi di misurazione della pressione sanguigna. [11] Molte centinaia di dispositivi sono stati convalidati in base a questi protocolli.

Linee guida per la misurazione della pressione sanguigna

Le società nazionali e internazionali di ipertensione pubblicano linee guida sulla gestione e il trattamento farmacologico dell’ipertensione, ma la necessità di pubblicare linee guida dedicate specificamente alla misurazione della pressione arteriosa è stata riconosciuta e indirizzata da membri del gruppo di esperti scientifici di Medaval per un certo numero di anni. [12-21]

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  1. Laher M, O’Brien E. In search of Korotkoff. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982;285(6357):1796-8. PMID: 6816372.
  2. O’Brien E, Fitzgerald D. The history of indirect blood pressure measurement. In Blood Pressure Measurement. Eds. E. O’Brien and K. O’Malley. Handbook of Hypertension. Eds. WH Birkenhager and JL Reid. Elsevier. Amsterdam. 1991. pp. 1-54.
  3. O’Brien E, Fitzgerald D. The history of blood pressure measurement. J Human Hypertens. 1994;8(2):73-84. PMID: 8207743.
  4. O’Brien E. Ave atque vale: the centenary of clinical sphygmomanometry. Lancet. 1996;348(9041):1569-70. PMID: 8950887.
  5. O’Brien E. History of the Blood Pressure Unit at the Charitable Infirmary and Beaumont Hospital 1978-2006. Heartwise. Winter 2006. 12-18. Download here.
  6. Fitzgerald DJ, O’Malley K, O’Brien ET. Inaccuracy of London School of Hygiene sphygmomanometer. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982;284(6308):18-9. PMID: 6797622.
  7. O’Brien E, O’Malley K, Sheridan J. The need for a standardized protocol for validating non-invasive blood pressure measuring devices. J Hypertens. 1989;7(3):S19-S20. PMID: 2760713.
  8. O’Brien E, Petrie J, Littler W, de Swiet M, Padfield PL, O’Malley K, Jamieson M, Altman D, Bland M, Atkins N. The British Hypertension Society Protocol for the evaluation of automated and semi-automated blood pressure measuring devices with special reference to ambulatory systems. J Hypertens. 1990;8(7):607-19. PMID: 2168451.
  9. O’Brien E, Petrie J, Littler WA, de Swiet M, Padfield PL, Altman D, Bland M, Coats A, Atkins N. The British Hypertension Society Protocol for the evaluation of blood pressure measuring devices. J Hypertens. 1993;11(suppl 2):S43-S63.
  10. O’Brien E, Pickering T, Asmar R, Myers M, Parati G, Staessen J, Mengden T, Imai Y, Waeber B, Palatini P, Atkins N, Gerin W; Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring of the European Society of Hypertension. Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring of the European Society of Hypertension International protocol for validation of blood pressure measuring devices in adults. Blood Press Monit. 2002;7(1):3-17. PMID: 12040236.
  11. O’Brien E, Atkins N, Stergiou G, Karpettas N, Parati G, Asmar R, Imai Y,Wang J, Mengden T, Shennan A; Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring of the European Society of Hypertension European Society of Hypertension. International Protocol revision 2010 for the validation of blood pressure measuring devices in adults. Blood Press Monit. 2010;15:23-38. doi: 10.1097/MBP.0b013e3283360e98. PMID: 20110786. Erratum in Blood Press Monit. 2010;15(3):171-2.
  12. Stergiou GS, Karpettas N, Atkins N, O’Brien E. Impact of applying the more stringent validation criteria of the revised European Society of Hypertension International Protocol 2010 on earlier validation studies. Blood Press Monit. 2011;16:67–73. doi: 10.1097/MBP.0b013e32834331e7. PMID: 21258237.
  13. Amery A, Brunner HR, Clement DL, Distler A, Ganten D, Gotzen R, Imai Y, Mancia G, Meyer-Sabellek W, O’Brien E, Pickering T. Consensus document on non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The Scientific Committee. J Hypertens. 1990;8(suppl 6):135-40. PMID: 2081994.
  14. O’Brien E, Coats A, Owens P, Petrie J, Padfield P, Littler WA, de Swiet MA, Mee F. Use and interpretation of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: recommendations of the British Hypertension Society. BMJ. 2000;320(7242):1128-34. PMID: 10775227.
  15. O’Brien E, Waeber B, Parati G, Staessen G, Myers MG. Blood pressure measuring devices: recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension. BMJ. 2001:322(7285):531-6. PMID: 11230071.
  16. O’Brien E, Asmar R, Beilin L, Imai Y, Mallion J-M, Mancia G, Mengden T, Myers M, Padfield P, Palatinin P, Parati G, Pickering T, Redon J, Staessen J, Stergiou G, Verdecchia P; European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring. European Society of Hypertension recommendations for conventional, ambulatory and home blood pressure measurement. J Hypertens. 2003;21:821-48. PMID: 12714851.
  17. Parati G ,Stergiou GS, Asmar R, Bilo G, de Leeuw P, Imai Y, Kario K, Lurbe E, Manolis A, Mengden T, O’Brien E, Ohkubo T, Padfield P, Palatini P, Pickering T, Redon J, Revera M, Ruilope LM, Shennan A, Staessen JA, Tisler A, Waeber B, Zanchetti A, Mancia G; ESH Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring. European Society of Hypertension guidelines for blood pressure monitoring at home: a summary report of the Second International Consensus Conference on Home Blood Pressure Monitoring. J Hypertens. 2008;26:1505-26. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328308da66. PMID: 18622223.
  18. O’Brien E, Parati G, Stergiou G, Asmar R, Beilin L, Bilo G, Clement D, de la Sierra A, de Leeuw P, Dolan E, Fagard R, Graves J, Head GA, Imai Y, Kario K, Lurbe E, Mallion JM, Mancia G, Mengden T, Myers M, Ogedegbe G, Ohkubo T, Omboni S, Palatini P, Redon J, Ruilope LM, Shennan A, Staessen JA, vanMontfrans G, Verdecchia P, Waeber B, Wang J, Zanchetti A, Zhang Y; European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring. European Society of Hypertension position paper on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Hypertens. 2013;31(9):1731-68. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328363e964. PMID: 24029863. Erratum in J Hypertens. 2013;31(12):2467.
  19. Stergiou GS, Parati G, Asmar R, O’Brien E; European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring. Requirements for professional office blood pressure monitors. J Hypertens. 2012;30(3):537-42. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834fcfa5. PMID 22241143.
  20. Stergiou GS, Karpettas N, Atkins N, O’Brien E. European Society of Hypertension International Protocol for the validation of blood pressure monitors: a critical review of its application and rationale for revision. Blood Press Monit. 2010;15(1):39-48. doi: 10.1097/MBP.0b013e3283360eaf. PMID: 20087174.
  21. Stergiou GS. Office blood pressure measurement with electronic devices: has the time come? Am J Hypertens. 2008;21(3):246. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2007.78. PMID: 18311123.

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Protocolli attuali

ESH

ESH-IP:2010

O’Brien E, Atkins N, Stergiou G, Karpettas N, Parati G, Asmar R, Imai Y, Wang J, Mengden T, Shennan A; Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring of the European Society of Hypertension European Society of Hypertension. International Protocol revision 2010 for the validation of blood pressure measuring devices in adults. Blood Press Monit. 2010;15:23-38. doi: 10.1097/MBP.0b013e3283360e98. PMID: 20110786. Erratum in Blood Press Monit. 2010;15(3):171-2.

AAMI/ANSI/ISO and DIN/EN

81060-2:2013

Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, American National Standards Institute, International Organization for Standardization. AAMI/ANSI/ISO 81060-2:2013, Non-invasive Sphygmomanometers – Part 2: Clinical Investigation of Automated Measurement Type. Arlington, VA, USA: AAMI; 2013. Preview available here.

idem quod

Deutsches Institut für Normung. DIN EN ISO 81060-2:2014-10: Nichtinvasive Blutdruckmessgeräte – Teil 2: Klinische Prüfung der automatisierten Bauart (ISO 81060-2:2013); Deutsche Fassung EN ISO 81060-2:2014. Berlin, Deutschland: DIN; 2014.

81060-1:2013

Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, American National Standards Institute, International Organization for Standardization. AAMI/ANSI/ISO 81060-1:2007/(R)2013, Non-Invasive Sphygmomanometers – Part 1: Requirements and Test Methods for Non-Automated Measurement Type. Arlington, VA, USA: AAMI; 2013. Preview available here.

IEEE

1708:2014

IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 1708-2014 – IEEE Standard for Wearable Cuffless Blood Pressure Measuring Devices. Piscataway, New Jersey, USA: IEEE; 2014. Available from here.

DHL

DHL:2016

Deutsche Hochdruckliga e.V. DHL® Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hypertonie und Prävention [German Hypertension League e.V. DHL® German Society for Hypertension and Prevention]. Klinische Prüfung von Blutdruckmessgeräten zur Erlangung eines Prüfsiegels (Prüfsiegel DHL®: 2016-10). [Clinical testing of blood pressure monitors for obtaining a Quality Seal (Quality Seal DHL®: 2016-10).] Heidelberg: DHL; 2016. Download here.
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ESH-IP:2002

O’Brien E, Pickering T, Asmar R, Myers M, Parati G, Staessen J, Mengden T, Imai Y, Waeber B, Palatini P, Atkins N, Gerin W; Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring of the European Society of Hypertension. Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring of the European Society of Hypertension International protocol for validation of blood pressure measuring devices in adults. Blood Press Monit. 2002;7(1):3-17. PMID: 12040236.

BHS

BHS:1993

O’Brien E, Petrie J, Littler WA, de Swiet M, Padfield PL, Altman D, Bland M, Coats A, Atkins N. The British Hypertension Society Protocol for the evaluation of blood pressure measuring devices. J Hypertens. 1993;11(suppl 2):S43-S63. Download here.

BHS:1990

O’Brien E, Petrie J, Littler W, de Swiet M, Padfield PL, O’Malley K, Jamieson M, Altman D, Bland M, Atkins N. The British Hypertension Society Protocol for the evaluation of automated and semi-automated blood pressure measuring devices with special reference to ambulatory systems. J Hypertens. 1990;8(7):607-19. PMID: 2168451.

AAMI/ANSI/ISO

81060-2:2009

Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, American National Standards Institute, International Organization for Standardization. AAMI/ANSI/ISO 81060-2:2009, Non-invasive Sphygmomanometers – Part 2: Clinical Investigation of Automated Measurement Type. Arlington, VA, USA: AAMI; 2009.

81060-1:2007

Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, American National Standards Institute, International Organization for Standardization. AAMI/ANSI/ISO 81060-1:2007, Non-Invasive Sphygmomanometers – Part 1: Requirements and Test Methods for Non-Automated Measurement Type. Arlington, VA, USA: AAMI; 2008.

idem quod

Deutsches Institut für Normung, DIN EN ISO 81060-1:2012-08: Nicht invasive Blutdruckmessgeräte – Teil 1: Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren der nicht-automatisierten Bauart (ISO 81060-1:2007); Deutsche Fassung EN ISO 81060-1:2012. Berlin, Deutschland: DIN; 2012.

SP10:2006

American National Standards Institute, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. ANSI/AAMI SP10:2002/A2:2006, Manual, electronic or automated sphygmomanometers. Arlington, VA, USA: AAMI; 2006.

SP10:2003

American National Standards Institute, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. ANSI/AAMI SP10:2002/A1:2003, Manual, electronic or automated sphygmomanometers. Arlington, VA, USA: AAMI; 2003.

SP10:2002

American National Standards Institute, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. ANSI/AAMI SP10:2002, Manual, electronic or automated sphygmomanometers. Arlington, VA, USA: AAMI; 2003.

SP10:1996

American National Standards Institute, ANSI/AAMI SP10:1992/A1:1996, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. American National Standard. Electronic or automated sphygmomanometers. Arlington, VA, USA: AAMI; 1996.

SP10:1992

American National Standards Institute, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. ANSI/AAMI SP10:1992, Electronic or automated sphygmomanometers. Arlington, VA, USA: AAMI; 1993.

SP10:1987

American National Standards Institute, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. ANSI/AAMI SP10:1987, Electronic or automated sphygmomanometers. Arlington, VA, USA: AAMI; 1987.

EN

1060-3:2009

CEN Technical Committee 205. EN 1060-3:1997+A2:2009: Non-invasive sphygmomanometers – Part 3: Supplementary requirements for electro-mechanical blood pressure measuring systems. Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 2009. CEN information here.

1060-4:2004

CEN Technical Committee 205. EN 1060-4:2004: Non-invasive sphygmomanometers – Part 4: Test procedures to determine the overall system accuracy of automated non-invasive sphygmomanometers. Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 2004. CEN information here.

idem quod

Deutsches Institut für Normung. DIN EN 1060-4:2004-12: Nichtinvasive Blutdruckmessgeräte – Teil 4: Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Messgenauigkeit von automatischen nichtinvasiven Blutdruckmessgeräten; Deutsche Fassung EN 1060-4:2004. Berlin, Deutschland: DIN; 2004.

DIN

58130:1996

Deutsches Institut für Normung. DIN 58130:1996-12: Nichtinvasive Blutdruckmeßgeräte – Klinische Prüfung [Non-invasive sphygmomanometers – Clinical investigation]. Berlin, Deutschland: DIN; 1996.

58130:1995

Deutsches Institut für Normung. DIN 58130:1995-01: Nichtinvasive Blutdruckmeßgeräte – Klinische Prüfung [Non-invasive sphygmomanometers – Clinical investigation]. Berlin, Deutschland: DIN; 1995.

DHL

DHL:2007

Deutsche Hochdruckliga (DHL) [German Hypertension League]. Klinische Prüfung von Blutdruckmessgeräten zur Erlangung eines Prüfsiegels der Deutschen Liga Hochdruckliga. [Clinical testing of blood pressure monitors for obtaining a German Hypertension League Quality Seal.] Heidelberg: DHL; 1999/A1:2007.

DHL:1999

Deutsche Hochdruckliga (DHL) [German Hypertension League]. Klinische Prüfung von Blutdruckmessgeräten zur Erlangung eines Prüfsiegels der Deutschen Liga Hochdruckliga. [Clinical testing of blood pressure monitors for obtaining a German Hypertension League Quality Seal.] Heidelberg: DHL; 1999.
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INCONTRA Medaval

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A proposito di Medaval
Esplora il nostro database dei dispositivi
Contattaci
Termini & Condizioni

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GALLERIA FOTOGRAFICA

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